
Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Senior Physician, Researcher; MD, PhD
- +47 23 01 52 94
Fridtjof Heyerdahl is a senior physician specialized in anaesthesiology. He works clinically at the Air Ambulance Department, OUH, and as a researcher at the University of Oslo. His research receives funding from the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation. Main research interests include clinical toxicology, CBRN medicine, Pre-hospital use of analgesia, neonatal transports, and pre-hospital diagnostics (Ultrasound and POC toxic alcohol diagnostics). He is involved in several medical start-up companies and is the inventor of the transport isolator EpiShuttle and founder of the company EpiGuard.
Publications 2025
Age and sex related differences in clinical manifestations and severity of acute cocaine toxicity presentations to European emergency departments
Am J Emerg Med, 96, 151-160 (in press)
DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2025.06.035, PubMed 40570490
Differences in the clinical presentation of acute 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication by co-intoxication and patient sex to European emergency departments
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 63 (3), 183-192
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2025.2453052, PubMed 40106272
Environmental factors and clinical markers of stress during neonatal transport: a systematic literature review
BMJ Paediatr Open, 9 (1)
DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2025-003568, PubMed 40506087
Publications 2024
Reporting interhospital neonatal intensive care transport: international five-step Delphi-based template
BMJ Paediatr Open, 8 (1)
DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002374, PubMed 38569741
Transport of Patients With High-Consequence Infectious Diseases: Development of European Capacity in Norway
Health Secur, 22 (S1), S76-S85
DOI 10.1089/hs.2023.0153, PubMed 39137054
Heightened mortality risk after a non-fatal opioid overdose: Risk factors for mortality in the week following emergency treatment
Addiction, 119 (12), 2131-2138
DOI 10.1111/add.16632, PubMed 39183709
Correction to: Ascending with ultrasound: telementored eFAST in flight-a feasibility study
Emerg Radiol, 31 (4), 629
DOI 10.1007/s10140-024-02265-7, PubMed 39030394
[Not Available]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 144 (8)
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0202, PubMed 38934313
Manikin study showed that neonates are exposed to high sound and vibration levels during helicopter incubator transports
Acta Paediatr, 113 (11), 2384-2390
DOI 10.1111/apa.17326, PubMed 38884542
Response to the letter: 'Vibrations during helicopter neonatal transport'
Acta Paediatr, 113 (11), 2483-2484
DOI 10.1111/apa.17374, PubMed 39135263
Clinical effects of cannabis compared to synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs): a retrospective cohort study of presentations with acute toxicity to European hospitals between 2013 and 2020
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 62 (6), 378-384
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2024.2346125, PubMed 38934347
Publications 2023
Ascending with ultrasound: telementored eFAST in flight-a feasibility study
Emerg Radiol, 31 (1), 25-31
DOI 10.1007/s10140-023-02186-x, PubMed 38066242
[Sequelae in carbon monoxide poisoning]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 143 (13)
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0482, PubMed 37753769
A man in his sixties with acute chest pain
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 143 (12)
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0113, PubMed 37668138
Determinants of Admission to Critical Care Following Acute Recreational Drug Toxicity: A Euro-DEN Plus Study
J Clin Med, 12 (18)
DOI 10.3390/jcm12185970, PubMed 37762912
Challenges and Risks in Out-of-Hospital Transport of Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Air Med J, 42 (3), 191-195
DOI 10.1016/j.amj.2023.02.002, PubMed 37150573
Pain Management with Inhalation of Methoxyflurane Administrated by Non-Medical Ski Patrol: A Quality Assessment Study
Pain Ther, 12 (6), 1455-1463
DOI 10.1007/s40122-023-00547-5, PubMed 37578680
Comparison of three regimens with inhalational methoxyflurane versus intranasal fentanyl versus intravenous morphine in pre-hospital acute pain management: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PreMeFen)
Trials, 24 (1), 571
DOI 10.1186/s13063-023-07590-9, PubMed 37670364
Self-discharge during treatment for acute recreational drug toxicity: an observational study from emergency departments in seven European countries
Int J Emerg Med, 16 (1), 86
DOI 10.1186/s12245-023-00566-1, PubMed 38030969
Publications 2022
Novel psychoactive substances-related presentations to the emergency departments of the European drug emergencies network plus (Euro-DEN plus) over the six-year period 2014-2019
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 60 (12), 1318-1327
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2022.2137524, PubMed 36322684
Inhaled nitric oxide as temporary respiratory stabilization in patients with COVID-19 related respiratory failure (INOCOV): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
PLoS One, 17 (5), e0268822
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0268822, PubMed 35622848
Clinical effect of ethanol co-use in patients with acute drug toxicity involving the use of central nervous system depressant recreational drugs
Eur J Emerg Med, 29 (4), 291-300
DOI 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000932, PubMed 35404314
New search-and-rescue helicopter and useful activity data
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 142 (18)
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0732, PubMed 36511737
Poisoning with central stimulant drugs: an observational study from Oslo, Norway
Int J Emerg Med, 15 (1), 54
DOI 10.1186/s12245-022-00457-x, PubMed 36175843
An enzymatic assay with formate oxidase for point-of-care diagnosis of methanol poisoning
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 131 (6), 547-554
DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13789, PubMed 36083569
Severity of emergency department presentations due to acute drug toxicity in Europe: a longitudinal analysis over a 6-year period (2014-2019) stratified by sex
Eur J Emerg Med, 30 (1), 21-31
DOI 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000978, PubMed 36350710
Differences in clinical features associated with cannabis intoxication in presentations to European emergency departments according to patient age and sex
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 60 (8), 912-919
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2022.2060116, PubMed 35404194
Comparison of intranasal and intramuscular naloxone in opioid overdoses managed by ambulance staff: a double-dummy, randomised, controlled trial
Addiction, 117 (6), 1658-1667
DOI 10.1111/add.15806, PubMed 35137493
Publications 2021
Validation of the Decontamination of a Specialist Transport System for Patients with High Consequence Infectious Diseases
Microorganisms, 9 (12)
DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9122575, PubMed 34946176
Interhospital transport of critically ill patients: A prospective observational study of patient and transport characteristics
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 66 (2), 248-255
DOI 10.1111/aas.14005, PubMed 34811736
Impact of pregabalin co-use in patients presenting with acute heroin toxicity to the European Drug Emergencies Network Plus project
Eur J Emerg Med, 28 (2), 144-146
DOI 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000738, PubMed 33674514
Variation of drugs involved in acute drug toxicity presentations based on age and sex: an epidemiological approach based on European emergency departments
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 59 (10), 896-904
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2021.1884693, PubMed 33724118
Rhabdomyolysis related to acute recreational drug toxicity-A Euro-DEN study
PLoS One, 16 (3), e0246297
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0246297, PubMed 33705425
Publications 2020
Acute toxicity related to misuse (nonmedical use) of tramadol: Experience of the European Drug Emergencies Network Plus
Br J Clin Pharmacol, 87 (4), 1668-1675
DOI 10.1111/bcp.14408, PubMed 32503085
Authors' reply to comment on "Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases"
Clin. Toxicol., 58 (1), 72-74
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2019.1613549
MDMA-related presentations to the emergency departments of the European Drug Emergencies Network plus (Euro-DEN Plus) over the four-year period 2014-2017
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 59 (2), 131-137
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2020.1784914, PubMed 32677861
NTNU intranasal naloxone trial (NINA-1) study protocol for a double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial comparing intranasal 1.4 mg to intramuscular 0.8 mg naloxone for prehospital use
BMJ Open, 10 (11), e041556
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041556, PubMed 33184084
Clinical impact of chronic substance abuse in a Norwegian ICU-population
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 65 (4), 515-524
DOI 10.1111/aas.13766, PubMed 33340102
Prehospital naloxone administration - what influences choice of dose and route of administration?
BMC Emerg Med, 20 (1), 71
DOI 10.1186/s12873-020-00366-3, PubMed 32891142
Publications 2019
Clinical relevance of ethanol coingestion in patients with GHB/GBL intoxication
Toxicol Lett, 314, 37-42
DOI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.001, PubMed 31301370
Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 57 (8), 718-726
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2018.1549735, PubMed 30696283
Gender differences in acute recreational drug toxicity: a case series from Oslo, Norway
BMC Emerg Med, 19 (1), 29
DOI 10.1186/s12873-019-0244-3, PubMed 31035940
Substance abuse-related admissions in a mixed Norwegian intensive care population
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 64 (3), 329-337
DOI 10.1111/aas.13506, PubMed 31721148
Seizures as a complication of recreational drug use: Analysis of the Euro-DEN Plus data-set
Neurotoxicology, 73, 183-187
DOI 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.04.003, PubMed 30974132
Publications 2018
Acute recreational drug toxicity: Comparison of self-reports and results of immunoassay and additional analytical methods in a multicenter European case series
Medicine (Baltimore), 97 (5), e9784
DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000009784, PubMed 29384873
Presentations to the emergency department with non-medical use of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs: profiling and relation to sales data
Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 75 (1), 77-85
DOI 10.1007/s00228-018-2550-1, PubMed 30244371
Ambulance-attended opioid overdoses: An examination into overdose locations and the role of a safe injection facility
Subst Abus, 40 (3), 383-388
DOI 10.1080/08897077.2018.1485130, PubMed 29949448
Emergencies related to recreational drug abuse in Spain compared to emergencies attended in 3 European areas
Emergencias, 30 (6), 385-394
PubMed 30638341
Concurrent Use of Benzodiazepine by Heroin Users-What Are the Prevalence and the Risks Associated with This Pattern of Use?
J Med Toxicol, 15 (1), 4-11
DOI 10.1007/s13181-018-0674-4, PubMed 30066312
Publications 2017
Intoxication by gamma hydroxybutyrate and related analogues: Clinical characteristics and comparison between pure intoxication and that combined with other substances of abuse
Toxicol Lett, 277, 84-91
DOI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.030, PubMed 28579487
Manual ventilation and open suction procedures contribute to negative pressures in a mechanical lung model
BMJ Open Respir Res, 4 (1), e000176
DOI 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000176, PubMed 28725445
Bronchial wheezing predicts inflammation and respiratory failure in fire smoke victims
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 61 (9), 1142-1154
DOI 10.1111/aas.12962, PubMed 28832892
Underestimated impact of novel psychoactive substances: laboratory confirmation of recreational drug toxicity in Oslo, Norway
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 55 (7), 636-644
DOI 10.1080/15563650.2017.1312002, PubMed 28406320
Publications 2016
Is There a Relationship between Suicidal Intent and Lethality in Deliberate Self-Poisoning?
Suicide Life Threat Behav, 47 (2), 205-216
DOI 10.1111/sltb.12277, PubMed 27416812
Looking Back on Self-Poisoning: The Relationship between Depressed Mood and Reporting of Suicidal Intent in People Who Deliberately Self-Poison
Suicide Life Threat Behav, 47 (2), 228-241
DOI 10.1111/sltb.12278, PubMed 27416894
New psychoactive substances A russian agent revolution?
Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen., 136 (9), 846
Can ventilator settings reduce the negative effects of endotracheal suctioning? Investigations in a mechanical lung model
BMC Anesthesiol, 16 (1), 30
DOI 10.1186/s12871-016-0196-z, PubMed 27350249
Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series
BMC Psychiatry, 16, 293
DOI 10.1186/s12888-016-1002-7, PubMed 27538886
Erratum to: Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series
BMC Psychiatry, 16 (1), 405
DOI 10.1186/s12888-016-1066-4, PubMed 27852244
Review of European- Drug Emergencies Network ( Euro- DEN) training package for non- specialist workers to assess acute recreational drug and new psychoactive substance toxicity in night- time economy environments
Drug-Educ. Prev. Policy, 23 (1), 73-77
DOI 10.3109/09687637.2015.1081379
Publications 2015
Presentations to the Emergency Department Following Cannabis use--a Multi-Centre Case Series from Ten European Countries
J Med Toxicol, 11 (4), 415-21
DOI 10.1007/s13181-014-0460-x, PubMed 25652342
Acute recreational drug and new psychoactive substance toxicity in Europe: 12 months data collection from the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN)
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 53 (9), 893-900
DOI 10.3109/15563650.2015.1088157, PubMed 26503789
Publications 2014
Change in access to prescribed medication following an episode of deliberate self-poisoning: a multilevel approach
PLoS One, 9 (5), e98086
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0098086, PubMed 24854351
Current European data collection on emergency department presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity: gaps and national variations
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 52 (10), 1005-12
DOI 10.3109/15563650.2014.976792, PubMed 25361166
The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN)
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 52 (4), 239-41
DOI 10.3109/15563650.2014.898771, PubMed 24654801
Publications 2013
Deliberate self-poisoning with prescribed drugs is not related to medical severity of acts
J Clin Psychiatry, 74 (6), 630
DOI 10.4088/JCP.12l08298, PubMed 23842015
Publications 2012
Prescribed medication availability and deliberate self-poisoning: a longitudinal study
J Clin Psychiatry, 73 (4), e548-54
DOI 10.4088/JCP.11m07209, PubMed 22579161
[What is an intensive Department of Internal Medicine?]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 132 (6), 632-3
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0006, PubMed 22456140
Publications 2011
[Living conditions and pattern of acute poisonings in Oslo]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 131 (15), 1424-8
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.10.0531, PubMed 21844943
Effects of COX inhibition on experimental pain and hyperalgesia during and after remifentanil infusion in humans
Pain, 152 (6), 1289-1297
DOI 10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.007, PubMed 21396775
Publications 2010
Suicidal intention, psychosocial factors and referral to further treatment: a one-year cross-sectional study of self-poisoning
BMC Psychiatry, 10, 58
DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-10-58, PubMed 20653986
Fatal poisonings in Oslo: a one-year observational study
BMC Emerg Med, 10, 13
DOI 10.1186/1471-227X-10-13, PubMed 20525396
[Coding practice in fatal poisonings]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 130 (16), 1601-5
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0571, PubMed 20805856
Publications 2009
Acute poisonings in Oslo: levels of health care, clinical course and repetition pattern
In Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Unipub, Oslo, no. 724, 1 b. (flere pag.)
BIBSYS 090084055, ISBN 978-82-8072-916-3
Repetition of acute poisoning in Oslo: 1-year prospective study
Br J Psychiatry, 194 (1), 73-9
DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048322, PubMed 19118331
Legemidler i supplerende medisinsk behandling ved nervegassforgiftning: aktuelle legemidler i beskyttelse av hjernen
FFI, Kjeller, 39 s.
BIBSYS 100109101, ISBN 978-82-464-1682-3
Publications 2008
Acute poisonings treated in hospitals in Oslo: a one-year prospective study (II): clinical outcome
Clin Toxicol (Phila), 46 (1), 42-9
DOI 10.1080/15563650701210048, PubMed 18167036
Clinical assessment compared to laboratory screening in acutely poisoned patients
Hum Exp Toxicol, 27 (1), 73-9
DOI 10.1177/0960327107087800, PubMed 18480152
Pre-hospital treatment of acute poisonings in Oslo
BMC Emerg Med, 8, 15
DOI 10.1186/1471-227X-8-15, PubMed 19025643
Publications 2007
Acute child poisonings in Oslo: a 2-year prospective study
Acta Paediatr, 96 (9), 1355-9
DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00420.x, PubMed 17718791
Publications 1999
[Myelomatosis and low level of vitamin B12]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 119 (29), 4321-2
PubMed 10667130