Jo Kramer-Johansen

  • Research Group leader, Senior Physician, Professor II; MD, PhD
  • +47 975 39 429

Born in 1969. Specialist in Anaesthesiology, MD, PhD. He is head of Dept. of Research and Quality
Improvement and working as an anaesthesiologist in the Division of Prehospital Services at Oslo
University Hospital. From 2013 he holds a position as Adjunct Professor at the University of Oslo
(Klinmed). He is scientific head of the Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry and leads the Prehospital
Research Group at the University of Oslo. He has completed pedagogic basic competency training,
the research leadership programme at the University of Oslo, and a fellowship in patient safety and
quality improvement from the Scottish NHS (SQS-fellowship)

His research interests include cardiac arrest epidemiology, training, and treatment, as well as
implementation of science into clinical practice. He has authored and co-authored more than 100
scientific papers. His PhD-thesis from 2007 was on quality of CPR during actual prehospital treatment
of cardiac arrest.

He is currently supervising and co-supervising PhD-students doing their research on cardiac arrest
epidemiology, advanced treatment and outcomes after clinical CPR, prehospital airway management,
prehospital stroke management, and improved performance in medical triage and dispatch.

UiO home page

Jo Kramer-Johansen - Cristin

Jo Kramer-Johansen (researchgate.net)

 

Publications 2024

Alm-Kruse K, Gjerset GM, Tjelmeland IBM, Isern CB, Kramer-Johansen J, Garratt AM (2024)
How do survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest perceive their health compared to the norm population? A nationwide registry study from Norway
Resusc Plus, 17, 100549
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100549, PubMed 38292469

Idland S, Kramer-Johansen J, Bakke HK, Hagen M, Tønsager K, Platou HS, Hjortdahl M (2024)
Can video streaming improve first aid for injured patients? A prospective observational study from Norway
BMC Emerg Med, 24 (1), 89
DOI 10.1186/s12873-024-01010-0, PubMed 38807042

Jamtli B, Hov MR, Jørgensen TM, Kramer-Johansen J, Ihle-Hansen H, Sandset EC, Kongsgård HW, Hardeland C (2024)
Telephone triage and dispatch of ambulances to patients with suspected and verified acute stroke - a descriptive study
BMC Emerg Med, 24 (1), 43
DOI 10.1186/s12873-024-00962-7, PubMed 38486156

Jamtli B, Svendsen EJ, Jørgensen TM, Kramer-Johansen J, Hov MR, Hardeland C (2024)
Factors affecting emergency medical dispatchers decision making in stroke calls - a qualitative study
BMC Emerg Med, 24 (1), 214
DOI 10.1186/s12873-024-01129-0, PubMed 39548378

Katzenschlager S, Elshaer A, Metelmann B, Metelmann C, Thilakasiri K, Karageorgos V, Barry T, Alm-Kruse K, Karim H, Maurer H, Kramer-Johansen J, Orlob S (2024)
Top 5 barriers in cardiac arrest research as perceived by international early career researchers - A consensus study
Resusc Plus, 18, 100608
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100608, PubMed 38524147

Kelpanides IK, Katzenschlager S, Skogvoll E, Tjelmeland IBM, Grindheim G, Alm-Kruse K, Liberg JP, Kristiansen T, Wnent J, Gräsner JT, Kramer-Johansen J (2024)
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children in Norway: A national cohort study, 2016-2021
Resusc Plus, 18, 100662
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100662, PubMed 38799717

Publications 2023

Alm-Kruse K, Tjelmeland I, Reiner A, Kvåle R, Kramer-Johansen J (2023)
Use of healthcare services before and after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 187, 109805
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109805, PubMed 37088268

Andresen ÅEL, Varild Lauritzen M, Kramer-Johansen J, Kristiansen T (2023)
Implementation and use of a supraglottic airway device in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by firefighter first responders - A prospective feasibility study
Resusc Plus, 16, 100480
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100480, PubMed 37840909

Bjørshol CA, Nordseth T, Kramer-Johansen J (2023)
Why the Norwegian 2021 guideline for basic life support are different
Resusc Plus, 14, 100392
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100392, PubMed 37207262

Guterud M, Fagerheim Bugge H, Røislien J, Kramer-Johansen J, Toft M, Ihle-Hansen H, Bache KG, Larsen K, Braarud AC, Sandset EC, Ranhoff Hov M (2023)
Prehospital screening of acute stroke with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (ParaNASPP): a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Lancet Neurol, 22 (9), 800-811
DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00237-5, PubMed 37596006

Harring AKV, Kramer-Johansen J, Tjelmeland IBM (2023)
Resuscitation of older adults in Norway; a comparison of survival and outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in healthcare institutions and at home
Resuscitation, 189, 109871
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109871, PubMed 37327851

Idland S, Kramer-Johansen J, Bakke HK, Hjortdahl M (2023)
Assessing bystander first aid: development and validation of a First Aid Quality Assessment (FAQA) tool
BMC Emerg Med, 23 (1), 39
DOI 10.1186/s12873-023-00811-z, PubMed 37013526

Isern CB, Kramer-Johansen J, Tjelmeland I, Bahr R, Berge HM (2023)
A 3-year population-based study of exercise-related sudden cardiac arrest among 12- to 50-year-old Norwegians
Scand J Med Sci Sports, 33 (8), 1560-1569
DOI 10.1111/sms.14400, PubMed 37226411

Isern CB, Nilsson BB, Garratt A, Kramer-Johansen J, Tjelmeland IBM, Berge HM (2023)
Health-related quality of life in young Norwegian survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest related to pre-arrest exercise habits
Resusc Plus, 16, 100478
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100478, PubMed 37818171

Katzenschlager S, Kelpanides IK, Ristau P, Huck M, Seewald S, Brenner S, Hoffmann F, Wnent J, Kramer-Johansen J, Tjelmeland IBM, Weigand MA, Gräsner JT, Popp E (2023)
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children: an epidemiological study based on the German Resuscitation Registry identifying modifiable factors for return of spontaneous circulation
Crit Care, 27 (1), 349
DOI 10.1186/s13054-023-04630-3, PubMed 37679812

Katzenschlager S, Kelpanides IK, Skogvoll E, Grindheim G, Wnent J, Popp E, Weigand MA, Kramer-Johansen J, Tjelmeland IBM, Gräsner JT (2023)
Paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Time to update registries?
Crit Care, 27 (1), 304
DOI 10.1186/s13054-023-04582-8, PubMed 37533130

Olasveengen TM, Skåre C, Skjerven-Martinsen M, Hoff-Olsen P, Kramer-Johansen J, Hoff Nordum F, Eriksen M, Anderas Norseng P, Wik L (2023)
Lung tissue injury and hemodynamic effects of ventilations synchronized or unsynchronized to continuous chest compressions in a porcine cardiac arrest model
Resusc Plus, 17, 100530
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100530, PubMed 38155976

Petrovich P, Berve PO, Barth-Heyerdahl Roald B, Wahl Kongsgård H, Stray-Pedersen A, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2023)
Injuries associated with mechanical chest compressions and active decompressions after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A subgroup analysis of non-survivors from a randomized study
Resusc Plus, 13, 100362
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100362, PubMed 36798487

Tjelmeland IBM, Wnent J, Masterson S, Kramer-Johansen J, Ong MEH, Smith K, Skogvoll E, Lefering R, Lim SL, Liu N, Dicker B, Swain A, Ball S, Gräsner JT, CARES Surveillance Group and the Lockdown and bystander CPR group (2023)
Did lockdown influence bystanders' willingness to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation? A worldwide registry-based perspective
Resuscitation, 186, 109764
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109764, PubMed 36934834

Publications 2022

Andresen ÅEL, Kramer-Johansen J, Kristiansen T (2022)
Emergency cricothyroidotomy in difficult airway simulation - a national observational study of Air Ambulance crew performance
BMC Emerg Med, 22 (1), 64
DOI 10.1186/s12873-022-00624-6, PubMed 35397493

Bugge HF, Guterud M, Bache KCG, Braarud AC, Eriksen E, Fremstad KO, Ihle-Hansen H, Ingebretsen SH, Kramer-Johansen J, Larsen K, Røislien J, Thorsen K, Toft M, Sandset EC, Hov MR (2022)
Paramedic Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project (ParaNASPP) study protocol: a stepped wedge randomised trial of stroke screening using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the ambulance
Trials, 23 (1), 113
DOI 10.1186/s13063-022-06006-4, PubMed 35120559

Idland S, Iversen E, Brattebø G, Kramer-Johansen J, Hjortdahl M (2022)
From hearing to seeing: medical dispatchers' experience with use of video streaming in medical emergency calls - a qualitative study
BMJ Open, 12 (12), e063395
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063395, PubMed 36526307

Tjelmeland IBM, Alm-Kruse K, Grasner JT, Isern CB, Jakisch B, Kramer-Johansen J, Renzing N, Wnent J, Seewald S (2022)
Importance of reporting survival as incidence: a cross-sectional comparative study on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry data from Germany and Norway
BMJ Open, 12 (2), e058381
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058381, PubMed 35177465

Publications 2021

Alm-Kruse K, Sørensen G, Osbakk SA, Sunde K, Bendz B, Andersen GØ, Fiane A, Hagen OA, Kramer-Johansen J (2021)
Outcome in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest before and after implementation of an ECPR protocol
Resuscitation, 162, 35-42
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.01.038, PubMed 33581226

Alm-Kruse K, Tjelmeland I, Kongsgård H, Kvåle R, Kramer-Johansen J (2021)
Case completeness in the Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry
Resusc Plus, 8, 100182
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100182, PubMed 34825238

Berve PO, Hardig BM, Skålhegg T, Kongsgaard H, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2021)
Mechanical active compression-decompression versus standard mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomised haemodynamic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest study
Resuscitation, 170, 1-10
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.026, PubMed 34710550

Berve PO, Irusta U, Kramer-Johansen J, Skålhegg T, Aramendi E, Wik L (2021)
Tidal volume measurements via transthoracic impedance waveform characteristics: The effect of age, body mass index and gender. A single centre interventional study
Resuscitation, 167, 218-224
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.041, PubMed 34480974

Hardeland C, Claesson A, Blom MT, Blomberg SNF, Folke F, Hollenberg J, Kramer-Johansen J, Lippert F, Nord A, Nygaard AM, Olasveengen TM, Ringh M, Svensson L, Møller TP (2021)
Description of call handling in emergency medical dispatch centres in Scandinavia: recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and dispatcher-assisted CPR
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 29 (1), 88
DOI 10.1186/s13049-021-00903-4, PubMed 34193226

Niles DE, Skåre C, Foglia EE, Insley E, Cines C, Olasveengen T, Ballester LS, Ades A, Posencheg M, Nadkarni VM, Kramer-Johansen J (2021)
Effect of a positive pressure ventilation-refresher program on ventilation skill performance during simulated newborn resuscitation
Resusc Plus, 5, 100091
DOI 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100091, PubMed 34223356

Tjelmeland IBM, Wnent J, Masterson S, Kramer-Johansen J, Gräsner JT (2021)
Protocol for a cohort study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and incidence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 29 (1), 82
DOI 10.1186/s13049-021-00890-6, PubMed 34154630

Publications 2020

Bjørshol CA, Kramer-Johansen J (2020)
Survival and neurological outcome: Search for a low-hanging fruit
Resuscitation, 148, 269-270
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.01.012, PubMed 32004665

Brede JR, Kramer-Johansen J, Rehn M (2020)
A needs assessment of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Norway
BMC Emerg Med, 20 (1), 28
DOI 10.1186/s12873-020-00324-z, PubMed 32316924

Eftestol T, Stokka SE, Kvaloy JT, Rad AB, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Alonso E, Nordseth T, Skogvoll E, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J (2020)
A Probabilistic Function to Model the Relationship between Quality of Chest Compressions and the Physiological Response for Patients in Cardiac Arrest
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 73
DOI 10.22489/CinC.2020.073

Isasi I, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2020)
Rhythm Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Entropy (Basel), 22 (6)
DOI 10.3390/e22060595, PubMed 33286367

Lasa H, Irusta U, Eftestol T, Aramendi E, Rad AB, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2020)
Multimodal Biosignal Analysis Algorithm for the Classification of Cardiac Rhythms During Resuscitation
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 347
DOI 10.22489/CinC.2020.347

Oving I, de Graaf C, Karlsson L, Jonsson M, Kramer-Johansen J, Berglund E, Hulleman M, Beesems SG, Koster RW, Olasveengen TM, Ringh M, Claessen A, Lippert F, Hollenberg J, Folke F, Tan HL, Blom MT (2020)
Occurrence of shockable rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest over time: A report from the COSTA group
Resuscitation, 151, 67-74
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.03.014, PubMed 32278017

Tjelmeland IBM, Alm-Kruse K, Andersson LJ, Bratland S, Hafstad AK, Haug B, Langørgen J, Larsen AI, Lindner TW, Nilsen JE, Olasveengen TM, Soreide E, Skogvoll E, Kramer-Johansen J (2020)
Cardiac arrest as a reportable condition: a cohort study of the first 6 years of the Norwegian out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry
BMJ Open, 10 (7), e038133
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038133, PubMed 32641339

Publications 2019

Andresen ÅEL, Kramer-Johansen J, Kristiansen T (2019)
Percutaneous vs surgical emergency cricothyroidotomy: An experimental randomized crossover study on an animal-larynx model
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 63 (10), 1306-1312
DOI 10.1111/aas.13447, PubMed 31287154

Berve PO, Irusta U, Kramer-Johansen J, Skålhegg T, Kongsgård HW, Brunborg C, Aramendi E, Wik L (2019)
Transthoracic Impedance Measured with Defibrillator Pads-New Interpretations of Signal Change Induced by Ventilations
J Clin Med, 8 (5)
DOI 10.3390/jcm8050724, PubMed 31121817

Bjorshol CA, Jamtli B, Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Olsen S, Nordseth T, Mollekleiv S, Osmundsen SL, Nilsen JE, Lossius HM (2019)
Together we save lives
Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen., 139 (12), 1142-1144

Bjørshol CA, Jamtli B, Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Olsen S, Nordseth T, Mollekleiv S, Osmundsen SL, Nilsen JE, Lossius HM (2019)
Saving lives together
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 139 (12)
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0128, PubMed 31502783

Isasi I, Irusta U, Elola A, Aramendi E, Eftestol T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2019)
A Robust Machine Learning Architecture for a Reliable ECG Rhythm Analysis during CPR
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2019, 1903-1907
DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856784, PubMed 31946270

Isasi I, Irusta U, Elola A, Aramendi E, Eftestol T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2019)
A Robust Machine Learning Architecture for a Reliable ECG Rhythm Analysis during CPR
IEEE ENG MED BIO, 1903-1907

Isasi I, Irusta U, Rad AB, Aramendi E, Zabihi M, Eftestol T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2019)
Automatic Cardiac Rhythm Classification With Concurrent Manual Chest Compressions
IEEE Access, 7, 115147-115159
DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935096

Picon A, Irusta U, Álvarez-Gila A, Aramendi E, Alonso-Atienza F, Figuera C, Ayala U, Garrote E, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T (2019)
Mixed convolutional and long short-term memory network for the detection of lethal ventricular arrhythmia
PLoS One, 14 (5), e0216756
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0216756, PubMed 31107876

Publications 2018

Isasi I, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Ayala U, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T (2018)
A Multistage Algorithm for ECG Rhythm Analysis During Piston-Driven Mechanical Chest Compressions
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 66 (1), 263-272
DOI 10.1109/TBME.2018.2827304, PubMed 29993407

Isasi I, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Ayala U, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T (2018)
An Accurate Shock Advise Algorithm for Use During Piston-Driven Chest Compressions
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 45
DOI 10.22489/CinC.2018.204

Isasi I, Irusta U, Elola A, Aramendi E, Ayala U, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T (2018)
A Machine Learning Shock Decision Algorithm for Use During Piston-Driven Chest Compressions
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 66 (6), 1752-1760
DOI 10.1109/TBME.2018.2878910, PubMed 30387719

Isasi I, Rad AB, Irusta U, Zabihi M, Aramendi E, Eftestol T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L (2018)
ECG Rhythm Analysis During Manual Chest Compressions Using an Artefact Removal Filter and Random Forest Classifiers
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 45
DOI 10.22489/CinC.2018.202

Ringh M, Hollenberg J, Palsgaard-Moeller T, Svensson L, Rosenqvist M, Lippert FK, Wissenberg M, Malta Hansen C, Claesson A, Viereck S, Zijlstra JA, Koster RW, Herlitz J, Blom MT, Kramer-Johansen J, Tan HL, Beesems SG, Hulleman M, Olasveengen TM, Folke F, COSTA study group (research collaboration between Copenhagen, Oslo, STockholm, and Amsterdam) (2018)
The challenges and possibilities of public access defibrillation
J Intern Med, 283 (3), 238-256
DOI 10.1111/joim.12730, PubMed 29331055

Skåre C, Boldingh AM, Kramer-Johansen J, Calisch TE, Nakstad B, Nadkarni V, Olasveengen TM, Niles DE (2018)
Video performance-debriefings and ventilation-refreshers improve quality of neonatal resuscitation
Resuscitation, 132, 140-146
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.013, PubMed 30009926

Skåre C, Calisch TE, Saeter E, Rajka T, Boldingh AM, Nakstad B, Niles DE, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM (2018)
Implementation and effectiveness of a video-based debriefing programme for neonatal resuscitation
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 62 (3), 394-403
DOI 10.1111/aas.13050, PubMed 29315458

Steinberg MT, Olsen JA, Eriksen M, Neset A, Norseng PA, Kramer-Johansen J, Hardig BM, Wik L (2018)
Haemodynamic outcomes during piston-based mechanical CPR with or without active decompression in a porcine model of cardiac arrest
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 26 (1), 31
DOI 10.1186/s13049-018-0496-z, PubMed 29690910

Zijlstra JA, Koster RW, Blom MT, Lippert FK, Svensson L, Herlitz J, Kramer-Johansen J, Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Palsgaard Møller T, Tan HL, Beesems SG, Hulleman M, Claesson A, Folke F, Olasveengen TM, Wissenberg M, Hansen CM, Viereck S, Hollenberg J, COSTA study group (2018)
Different defibrillation strategies in survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Heart, 104 (23), 1929-1936
DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312622, PubMed 29903805

Publications 2017

Hardeland C, Skåre C, Kramer-Johansen J, Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Hansen AE, Sunde K, Olasveengen TM (2017)
Targeted simulation and education to improve cardiac arrest recognition and telephone assisted CPR in an emergency medical communication centre
Resuscitation, 114, 21-26
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.02.013, PubMed 28236428

Isasi I, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Ayala U, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T (2017)
Removing Piston-driven Mechanical Chest Compression Artefacts from the ECG
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 44
DOI 10.22489/CinC.2017.009-115

Niles DE, Cines C, Insley E, Foglia EE, Elci OU, Skåre C, Olasveengen T, Ades A, Posencheg M, Nadkarni VM, Kramer-Johansen J (2017)
Incidence and characteristics of positive pressure ventilation delivered to newborns in a US tertiary academic hospital
Resuscitation, 115, 102-109
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.03.035, PubMed 28411062

Niles DE, Nishisaki A, Sutton RM, Elci OU, Meaney PA, OʼConnor KA, Leffelman J, Kramer-Johansen J, Berg RA, Nadkarni V (2017)
Improved Retention of Chest Compression Psychomotor Skills With Brief "Rolling Refresher" Training
Simul Healthc, 12 (4), 213-219
DOI 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000228, PubMed 28368963

Rad AB, Eftestol T, Engan K, Irusta U, Kvaloy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Katsaggelos AK (2017)
ECG-Based Classification of Resuscitation Cardiac Rhythms for Retrospective Data Analysis
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 64 (10), 2411-2418
DOI 10.1109/TBME.2017.2688380, PubMed 28371771

Rad AB, Eftestøl T, Irusta U, Kvaløy JT, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Katsaggelos AK, Engan K (2017)
An automatic system for the comprehensive retrospective analysis of cardiac rhythms in resuscitation episodes
Resuscitation, 122, 6-12
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.11.035, PubMed 29122647

Publications 2016

Figuera C, Irusta U, Morgado E, Aramendi E, Ayala U, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T, Alonso-Atienza F (2016)
Machine Learning Techniques for the Detection of Shockable Rhythms in Automated External Defibrillators
PLoS One, 11 (7), e0159654
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0159654, PubMed 27441719

Grusd E, Kramer-Johansen J (2016)
Does the Norwegian emergency medical dispatch classification as non-urgent predict no need for pre-hospital medical treatment? An observational study
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 24, 65
DOI 10.1186/s13049-016-0258-8, PubMed 27154472

Nestaas S, Stensæth KH, Rosseland V, Kramer-Johansen J (2016)
Radiological assessment of chest compression point and achievable compression depth in cardiac patients
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 24, 54
DOI 10.1186/s13049-016-0245-0, PubMed 27103035

Rad AB, Engan K, Katsaggelos AK, Kvaløy JT, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Irusta U, Eftestøl T (2016)
Automatic cardiac rhythm interpretation during resuscitation
Resuscitation, 102, 44-50
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.015, PubMed 26891862

Skåre C, Boldingh AM, Nakstad B, Calisch TE, Niles DE, Nadkarni VM, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM (2016)
Ventilation fraction during the first 30s of neonatal resuscitation
Resuscitation, 107, 25-30
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.231, PubMed 27496260

Publications 2015

Aramendi E, Irusta U, Ayala U, Naas H, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T (2015)
Filtering mechanical chest compression artefacts from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data
Resuscitation, 98, 41-7
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.10.012, PubMed 26546986

Ayala U, Irusta U, Ruiz J, Ruiz de Gauna S, González-Otero D, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Naas H, Eftestøl T (2015)
Fully automatic rhythm analysis during chest compression pauses
Resuscitation, 89, 25-30
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.022, PubMed 25619441

Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Hardeland C, Kramer-Johansen J, Ong MEH, Shin SD, Panczyk M, Bobrow BJ (2015)
HOW to train for telephone-CPR
Trends Anaesth. Crit. Care, 5 (5), 124-129
DOI 10.1016/j.tacc.2015.07.003

González-Otero DM, Ruiz de Gauna S, Ruiz J, Daya MR, Wik L, Russell JK, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T, Alonso E, Ayala U (2015)
Chest compression rate feedback based on transthoracic impedance
Resuscitation, 93, 82-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.05.027, PubMed 26051811

Gundersen K, Kvaløy JT, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J (2015)
Modelling ventricular fibrillation coarseness during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by mixed effects stochastic differential equations
Stat Med, 34 (23), 3159-69
DOI 10.1002/sim.6539, PubMed 26013575

Kramer-Johansen J (2015)
Peeking from the blindfold
Resuscitation, 96, A3-4
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.012, PubMed 26212867

Olasveengen TM, Prescott RJ, Kramer-Johansen J (2015)
Impedance threshold device (ITD) during cardiac arrest--Does it work or not?
Resuscitation, 94, A3-4
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.006, PubMed 26209416

Skåre C, Kramer-Johansen J, Steen T, Ødegaard S, Niles DE, Nakstad B, Solevåg AL, Nadkarni VM, Olasveengen TM (2015)
Incidence of Newborn Stabilization and Resuscitation Measures and Guideline Compliance during the First Minutes of Life in Norway
Neonatology, 108 (2), 100-7
DOI 10.1159/000431075, PubMed 26089106

Publications 2014

Alonso E, Eftestøl T, Aramendi E, Kramer-Johansen J, Skogvoll E, Nordseth T (2014)
Beyond ventricular fibrillation analysis: comprehensive waveform analysis for all cardiac rhythms occurring during resuscitation
Resuscitation, 85 (11), 1541-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.08.022, PubMed 25195072

Ayala U, Eftestøl T, Alonso E, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Wali S, Kramer-Johansen J (2014)
Automatic detection of chest compressions for the assessment of CPR-quality parameters
Resuscitation, 85 (7), 957-63
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.04.007, PubMed 24746788

Ayala U, Irusta U, Ruiz J, Alonso-Atienza F, Alonso E, Gonzalez-Otero D, Kramer-Johansen J, Naas H, Eftestol T (2014)
Filtering Chest Compression Artifacts Improves the Performance of VF-detection Parameters
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 41, 1109-1112

Ayala U, Irusta U, Ruiz J, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J, Alonso-Atienza F, Alonso E, González-Otero D (2014)
A reliable method for rhythm analysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Biomed Res Int, 2014, 872470
DOI 10.1155/2014/872470, PubMed 24895621

Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM (2014)
The different faces of ventricular fibrillation
Resuscitation, 86, A3-4
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.003, PubMed 25450571

Olasveengen TM, Kramer-Johansen J (2014)
Insight into the black hole currently characterizing the initial post arrest phase
Resuscitation, 87, A3-4
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.024, PubMed 25486281

Rad AB, Ejtestol T, Kvaloy JT, Ayala U, Kramer-Johansen J, Engan K (2014)
NEAREST-MANIFOLD CLASSIFICATION APPROACH FOR CARDIAC ARREST RHYTHM INTERPRETATION DURING RESUSCITATION
INT CONF ACOUST SPEE

Publications 2013

Ayala U, Irusta U, Ruiz J, Gonzalez-Otero D, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T (2013)
A New Algorithm to Diagnose during Chest Compressions: Effect on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Delivery
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 40, 129-132

Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Kramer-Johansen J (2013)
Time delays and capability of elderly to activate speaker function for continuous telephone CPR
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 21, 40
DOI 10.1186/1757-7241-21-40, PubMed 23676015

Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Kramer-Johansen J (2013)
New pre-arrival instructions can avoid abdominal hand placement for chest compressions
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 21, 47
DOI 10.1186/1757-7241-21-47, PubMed 23799963

Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Neset A, Kramer-Johansen J (2013)
Quality of CPR performed by trained bystanders with optimized pre-arrival instructions
Resuscitation, 85 (1), 124-30
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.09.015, PubMed 24096105

Gonzalez-Otero D, Alonso E, Ruiz J, Aramendi E, de Gauna SR, Ayala U, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T (2013)
A Simple Impedance-Based Method for Ventilation Detection During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 40, 807-810

Neset A, Birkenes TS, Kramer-Johansen J (2013)
CPR performance - failure proved?
J Emerg Med, 44 (5), 990-1
DOI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.07.043, PubMed 23473822

Neset A, Nordseth T, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Olasveengen TM (2013)
Effects of adrenaline on rhythm transitions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 57 (10), 1260-7
DOI 10.1111/aas.12184, PubMed 24032427

Qvigstad E, Kramer-Johansen J, Tømte Ø, Skålhegg T, Sørensen Ø, Sunde K, Olasveengen TM (2013)
Clinical pilot study of different hand positions during manual chest compressions monitored with capnography
Resuscitation, 84 (9), 1203-7
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.03.010, PubMed 23499897

Rad AB, Eftestol T, Kvaloy JT, Ayala U, Kramer-Johansen J, Engan K (2013)
Probabilistic Classification Approaches for Cardiac Arrest Rhythm Interpretation during Resuscitation
COMPUT CARDIOL CONF, 40, 125-128

Ruiz J, Alonso E, Aramendi E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T, Ayala U, González-Otero D (2013)
Reliable extraction of the circulation component in the thoracic impedance measured by defibrillation pads
Resuscitation, 84 (10), 1345-52
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.05.020, PubMed 23747932

Ruiz J, Ayala U, Ruiz de Gauna S, Irusta U, González-Otero D, Alonso E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T (2013)
Feasibility of automated rhythm assessment in chest compression pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Resuscitation, 84 (9), 1223-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.034, PubMed 23402965

Skogvoll E, Kramer-Johansen J (2013)
Publication of clinical trial protocols--what can we learn?
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 21, 12
DOI 10.1186/1757-7241-21-12, PubMed 23453064

Publications 2011

Aramendi E, Ayala U, Irusta U, Alonso E, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J (2011)
Suppression of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation artefacts using the instantaneous chest compression rate extracted from the thoracic impedance
Resuscitation, 83 (6), 692-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.11.029, PubMed 22198092

Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Neset A, Olasveengen TM, Kramer-Johansen J (2011)
Video analysis of dispatcher-rescuer teamwork-Effects on CPR technique and performance
Resuscitation, 83 (4), 494-9
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.09.021, PubMed 21982923

Kramer-Johansen J (2011)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or shock first--no answers yet?
Prehosp Emerg Care, 15 (4), 577-8; author reply 579-80
DOI 10.3109/10903127.2011.608873, PubMed 21870948

Neset A, Birkenes TS, Furunes T, Myklebust H, Mykletun RJ, Odegaard S, Olasveengen TM, Kramer-Johansen J (2011)
A randomized trial on elderly laypersons' CPR performance in a realistic cardiac arrest simulation
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 56 (1), 124-31
DOI 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02566.x, PubMed 22092097

Publications 2010

Kramer-Johansen J, Pytte M, Tomlinson AE, Sunde K, Dorph E, Svendsen JV, Eriksen M, Strømme TA, Wik L (2010)
Mechanical chest compressions with trapezoidal waveform improve haemodynamics during cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 82 (2), 213-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.10.009, PubMed 21093141

Neset A, Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Mykletun RJ, Odegaard S, Kramer-Johansen J (2010)
A randomized trial of the capability of elderly lay persons to perform chest compression only CPR versus standard 30:2 CPR
Resuscitation, 81 (7), 887-92
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.03.028, PubMed 20418006

Publications 2009

Gundersen K, Kvaløy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Steen PA, Eftestøl T (2009)
Development of the probability of return of spontaneous circulation in intervals without chest compressions during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study
BMC Med, 7, 6
DOI 10.1186/1741-7015-7-6, PubMed 19200355

Irusta U, Ruiz J, de Gauna SR, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J (2009)
A least mean-square filter for the estimation of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifact based on the frequency of the compressions
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 56 (4), 1052-62
DOI 10.1109/TBME.2008.2010329, PubMed 19150778

Kvaløy JT, Skogvoll E, Eftestøl T, Gundersen K, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM, Steen PA (2009)
Which factors influence spontaneous state transitions during resuscitation?
Resuscitation, 80 (8), 863-9
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.04.042, PubMed 19525053

Neurauter A, Nysaether J, Kramer-Johansen J, Eilevstjønn J, Paal P, Myklebust H, Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Schmölz W, Pytte M, Steen PA, Strohmenger HU (2009)
Comparison of mechanical characteristics of the human and porcine chest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Resuscitation, 80 (4), 463-9
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.12.014, PubMed 19195761

Ødegaard S, Olasveengen T, Steen PA, Kramer-Johansen J (2009)
The effect of transport on quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 80 (8), 843-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.03.032, PubMed 19477573

Publications 2008

Gundersen K, Kvaløy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM, Eilevstjønn J, Eftestøl T (2008)
Using within-patient correlation to improve the accuracy of shock outcome prediction for cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 78 (1), 46-51
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.02.018, PubMed 18485562

Gundersen K, Nysaether J, Kvaløy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T (2008)
Chest compression quality variables influencing the temporal development of ROSC-predictors calculated from the ECG during VF
Resuscitation, 80 (2), 177-82
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.09.011, PubMed 19059692

Neurauter A, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J, Abella BS, Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Eilevstjønn J, Myklebust H, Steen PA, Sterz F, Jahn B, Strohmenger HU (2008)
Improving countershock success prediction during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using ventricular fibrillation features from higher ECG frequency bands
Resuscitation, 79 (3), 453-9
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.07.024, PubMed 18954929

Odegaard S, Pillgram M, Berg NE, Olasveengen T, Kramer-Johansen J (2008)
Time used for ventilation in two-rescuer CPR with a bag-valve-mask device during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 77 (1), 57-62
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.11.005, PubMed 18164533

Pytte M, Bendz B, Kramer-Johansen J, Eriksen M, Strømme TA, Eilevstjønn J, Brosstad F, Sunde K (2008)
Prearrest administration of low-molecular-weight heparin in porcine cardiac arrest: hemodynamic effects and resuscitability
Crit Care Med, 36 (3), 881-6
DOI 10.1097/CCM.0B013E318164E781, PubMed 18431276

Risdal M, Aase SO, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T (2008)
Automatic identification of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 55 (1), 60-8
DOI 10.1109/TBME.2007.910644, PubMed 18232347

Skogvoll E, Eftestøl T, Gundersen K, Kvaløy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Olasveengen TM, Steen PA (2008)
Dynamics and state transitions during resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 78 (1), 30-7
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.02.015, PubMed 18406035

Steen PA, Kramer-Johansen J (2008)
Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality to ensure survival
Curr Opin Crit Care, 14 (3), 299-304
DOI 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282f827d3, PubMed 18467890

Publications 2007

Eilevstjønn J, Kramer-Johansen J, Sunde K (2007)
Shock outcome is related to prior rhythm and duration of ventricular fibrillation
Resuscitation, 75 (1), 60-7
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.02.014, PubMed 17467139

Gundersen K, Kvaløy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T (2007)
Identifying approaches to improve the accuracy of shock outcome prediction for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 76 (2), 279-84
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.07.019, PubMed 17767991

Kramer-Johansen J (2007)
Reporting and improving quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during out of hospital cardiac arrest
In Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Unipub, Oslo, no. 518, 1 b. (flere pag.)
BIBSYS 070871396, ISBN 978-82-8072-865-4

Kramer-Johansen J, Dorph E, Steen PA (2007)
Detection of carbon dioxide in expired air after oesophageal intubation; the role of bystander mouth-to-mouth ventilation
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 52 (1), 155-7
DOI 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01503.x, PubMed 17999713

Kramer-Johansen J, Edelson DP, Abella BS, Becker LB, Wik L, Steen PA (2007)
Pauses in chest compression and inappropriate shocks: a comparison of manual and semi-automatic defibrillation attempts
Resuscitation, 73 (2), 212-20
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.09.006, PubMed 17241734

Kramer-Johansen J, Edelson DP, Losert H, Köhler K, Abella BS (2007)
Uniform reporting of measured quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Resuscitation, 74 (3), 406-17
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.01.024, PubMed 17391831

Kramer-Johansen J, Eilevstjønn J, Olasveengen TM, Tomlinson AE, Dorph E, Steen PA (2007)
Transthoracic impedance changes as a tool to detect malpositioned tracheal tubes
Resuscitation, 76 (1), 11-6
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.07.021, PubMed 17719166

Neurauter A, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J, Abella BS, Sunde K, Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Eilevstjønn J, Myklebust H, Steen PA, Strohmenger HU (2007)
Prediction of countershock success using single features from multiple ventricular fibrillation frequency bands and feature combinations using neural networks
Resuscitation, 73 (2), 253-63
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.10.002, PubMed 17287063

Neurauter A, Kramer-Johansen J, Eilevstjønn J, Myklebust H, Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Eftestøl T, Steen PA, Strohmenger HU (2007)
Estimation of the duration of ventricular fibrillation using ECG single feature analysis
Resuscitation, 73 (2), 246-52
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.08.028, PubMed 17368907

Olasveengen TM, Tomlinson AE, Wik L, Sunde K, Steen PA, Myklebust H, Kramer-Johansen J (2007)
A failed attempt to improve quality of out-of-hospital CPR through performance evaluation
Prehosp Emerg Care, 11 (4), 427-33
DOI 10.1080/10903120701536628, PubMed 17907028

Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Sunde K, Pytte M, Steen PA (2007)
Is CPR quality improving? A retrospective study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 75 (2), 260-6
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.04.016, PubMed 17560005

Pytte M, Dorph E, Sunde K, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Steen PA (2007)
Arterial blood gases during basic life support of human cardiac arrest victims
Resuscitation, 77 (1), 35-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.10.005, PubMed 18035475

Ruiz de Gauna S, Ruiz J, Irusta U, Aramendi E, Eftestøl T, Kramer-Johansen J (2007)
A method to remove CPR artefacts from human ECG using only the recorded ECG
Resuscitation, 76 (2), 271-8
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.08.002, PubMed 17875356

Sunde K, Kramer-Johansen J, Pytte M, Steen PA (2007)
Predicting survival with good neurologic recovery at hospital admission after successful resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the OHCA score
Eur Heart J, 28 (6), 773; author reply 773-4
DOI 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl536, PubMed 17314107

Ødegaard S, Kramer-Johansen J, Bromley A, Myklebust H, Nysaether J, Wik L, Steen PA (2007)
Chest compressions by ambulance personnel on chests with variable stiffness: abilities and attitudes
Resuscitation, 74 (1), 127-34
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.12.006, PubMed 17368692

Publications 2006

Edelson DP, Abella BS, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Myklebust H, Barry AM, Merchant RM, Hoek TL, Steen PA, Becker LB (2006)
Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 71 (2), 137-45
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.04.008, PubMed 16982127

Eftestol T, Skogvoll E, Gundersen K, Kvaloy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Steen PA (2006)
Information structuring and symbolic representation for analysis of resuscitation data
2006 7TH NORDIC SIGNAL PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM, 42-+

Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Wik L, Fellows B, Svensson L, Sørebø H, Steen PA (2006)
Quality of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with real time automated feedback: a prospective interventional study
Resuscitation, 71 (3), 283-92
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.05.011, PubMed 17070980

Kramer-Johansen J, Sunde K, Pytte M, Wik L, Steen PA (2006)
Reconfirmation algorithms should be the standard of care in automated external defibrillators
Resuscitation, 70 (3), 474-5; author reply 475
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.04.010, PubMed 16875772

Pytte M, Kramer-Johansen J, Eilevstjønn J, Eriksen M, Strømme TA, Godang K, Wik L, Steen PA, Sunde K (2006)
Haemodynamic effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) depend on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs
Resuscitation, 71 (3), 369-78
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.05.003, PubMed 17023108

Tomlinson AE, Nysaether J, Kramer-Johansen J, Steen PA, Dorph E (2006)
Compression force-depth relationship during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Resuscitation, 72 (3), 364-70
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.07.017, PubMed 17141936

Publications 2005

Eftestøl T, Losert H, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Sterz F, Steen PA (2005)
Independent evaluation of a defibrillation outcome predictor for out-of-hospital cardiac arrested patients
Resuscitation, 67 (1), 55-61
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.05.006, PubMed 16154680

Eilevstjønn J, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestøl T, Stavland M, Myklebust H, Steen PA (2005)
Reducing no flow times during automated external defibrillation
Resuscitation, 67 (1), 95-101
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.04.009, PubMed 16154679

Kramer-Johansen J, Sunde K, Steen PA (2005)
Predicting outcome after cardiac arrest: two caveats
Resuscitation, 66 (1), 108-9; author reply 109-10
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.12.028, PubMed 15993739

Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Steen PA (2005)
Advanced cardiac life support before and after tracheal intubation--direct measurements of quality
Resuscitation, 68 (1), 61-9
DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.05.020, PubMed 16325329

Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Sørebø H, Svensson L, Fellows B, Steen PA (2005)
Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
JAMA, 293 (3), 299-304
DOI 10.1001/jama.293.3.299, PubMed 15657322

Publications 1997

Melsom MN, Kramer-Johansen J, Flatebø T, Müller C, Nicolaysen G (1997)
Distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion measured simultaneously in awake goats
Acta Physiol Scand, 159 (3), 199-208
DOI 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.92355000.x, PubMed 9079150

Publications 1995

Melsom MN, Flatebø T, Kramer-Johansen J, Aulie A, Sjaastad OV, Iversen PO, Nicolaysen G (1995)
Both gravity and non-gravity dependent factors determine regional blood flow within the goat lung
Acta Physiol Scand, 153 (4), 343-53
DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09872.x, PubMed 7618481