Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Group leader; MD, PhD, Professor competent UiO, Specialized in Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- + 47 23 03 30 43/ + 47 22 89 47 08
Publications 2024
Monoclonal Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome Successfully Treated With Plasma Cell Directed Therapy
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk (in press)
DOI 10.1016/j.clml.2024.10.005, PubMed 39500643
Elevated interleukin 8 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels are associated with myocardial pathology in users of anabolic-androgenic steroids
Eur J Prev Cardiol, 31 (12), 1469-1476
DOI 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae126, PubMed 38573232
Treatment-seeking behavior and cardiovascular morbidity among men with anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A cross-sectional study
Scand J Med Sci Sports, 34 (1), e14554
DOI 10.1111/sms.14554, PubMed 38268076
Cortical thickness and sub-cortical volumes in post-H1N1 narcolepsy type 1: A brain-wide MRI case-control study
Sleep Med, 116, 81-89
DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.031, PubMed 38432031
Maternal vitamin A and D status in second and third trimester of pregnancy and bone mineral content in offspring at nine years of age
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 15, 1417656
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2024.1417656, PubMed 39006361
A Sterol Panel for Rare Lipid Disorders: Sitosterolemia, Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
J Lipid Res, 100698 (in press)
DOI 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100698, PubMed 39566847
Publications 2023
The association between infant salivary cortisol and parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit during and after COVID-19 visitation restrictions: A cross-sectional study
Early Hum Dev, 182, 105788
DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105788, PubMed 37224589
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Untreated Adult Patients With Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Alpha
J Endocr Soc, 7 (8), bvad089
DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvad089, PubMed 37469961
Week-to-week within-subject and between-subject biological variation of copeptin
Clin Chem Lab Med, 62 (2), e29-e33
DOI 10.1515/cclm-2023-0673, PubMed 37533276
Associations between psychiatric comorbid disorders and executive dysfunctions in hypocretin-1 deficient pediatric narcolepsy type1
Sleep Med, 109, 149-157
DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.021, PubMed 37442017
Larger hypothalamic volume in narcolepsy type 1
Sleep, 46 (11)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsad173, PubMed 37463428
Stress biomarkers in adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy on a modified Atkins diet: A prospective study
Epilepsia Open, 8 (4), 1331-1339
DOI 10.1002/epi4.12808, PubMed 37574592
Narcolepsy risk loci outline role of T cell autoimmunity and infectious triggers in narcolepsy
Nat Commun, 14 (1), 2709
DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-36120-z, PubMed 37188663
Ghrelin is related to lower brain reward activation during touch
Psychophysiology, 61 (2), e14443
DOI 10.1111/psyp.14443, PubMed 37737514
Supraphysiological testosterone levels from anabolic steroid use and reduced sensitivity to negative facial expressions in men
Psychopharmacology (Berl), 241 (4), 701-715
DOI 10.1007/s00213-023-06497-2, PubMed 37993638
Author Correction: Stress responses to repeated captures in a wild ungulate
Sci Rep, 13 (1), 2724
DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-29744-0, PubMed 36792793
Increased muscle activity during sleep and more RBD symptoms in H1N1-(Pandemrix)-vaccinated narcolepsy type 1 patients compared with their non-narcoleptic siblings
Sleep, 46 (3)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsac316, PubMed 36562330
Large method differences for free thyroid hormone assays in the hyperthyroid range can affect assessment of hyperthyroid status: Comparison of Abbott Alinity to Roche Cobas, Siemens Centaur and equilibrium dialysis LC-MS/MS
Clin Biochem, 121-122, 110676
DOI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110676, PubMed 37848158
Analysis of free, unbound thyroid hormones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: A mini-review of the medical rationale and analytical methods
Anal Sci Adv, 4 (7-8), 244-254
DOI 10.1002/ansa.202200067, PubMed 38716305
Plasma-Metanephrines in Patients with Autoimmune Addison's Disease with and without Residual Adrenocortical Function
J Clin Med, 12 (10)
DOI 10.3390/jcm12103602, PubMed 37240708
Publications 2022
Use of High-Dose Androgens Is Associated with Reduced Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Male Weightlifters
Neuroendocrinology, 113 (1), 36-47
DOI 10.1159/000526418, PubMed 35944495
Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Diabetologia, 66 (1), 70-81
DOI 10.1007/s00125-022-05763-w, PubMed 35900371
Plasma α-Glutathione S-Transferase in Patients with Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia and Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome
Vasc Health Risk Manag, 18, 567-574
DOI 10.2147/VHRM.S365625, PubMed 35903288
Fetuin-A mediates the difference in adipose tissue insulin resistance between young adult pakistani and norwegian patients with type 2 diabetes
BMC Endocr Disord, 22 (1), 208
DOI 10.1186/s12902-022-01127-y, PubMed 35978354
Reduced arterial elasticity after anabolic-androgenic steroid use in young adult males and mice
Sci Rep, 12 (1), 9707
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-14065-5, PubMed 35690664
Substantial early changes in bone and calcium metabolism among adult pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients on a modified Atkins diet
Epilepsia, 63 (4), 880-891
DOI 10.1111/epi.17169, PubMed 35092022
Sex difference in human olfactory sensitivity is associated with plasma adiponectin
Horm Behav, 145, 105235
DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105235, PubMed 35868172
Prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and leptin in relation to melanoma-specific death and overall death
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 35 (2), 280-284
DOI 10.1111/pcmr.13026, PubMed 34978150
Stress responses to repeated captures in a wild ungulate
Sci Rep, 12 (1), 16289
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-20270-z, PubMed 36175511
Adrenal steroid profiling as a diagnostic tool to differentiate polycystic ovary syndrome from nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: pinpointing easy screening possibilities and normal cutoff levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Fertil Steril, 118 (2), 384-391
DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.012, PubMed 35725670
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Combined hormonal contraceptives and vitamin D metabolism in adolescent girls
Endocr Connect, 11 (3)
DOI 10.1530/EC-21-0395, PubMed 35213326
Publications 2021
Effect of inulin-type fructans on appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled crossover trial
J Nutr Sci, 10, e72
DOI 10.1017/jns.2021.70, PubMed 34589204
Endogenous anti-streptavidin antibodies causing erroneous laboratory results more common than anticipated
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 81 (2), 92-103
DOI 10.1080/00365513.2020.1858493, PubMed 33502256
Changes in maternal cortisol, cortisol binding globulin and cortisone levels following diagnosis of fetal anomaly
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 135, 105574
DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105574, PubMed 34741978
Metabolomics to Diagnose Oxidative Stress in Perinatal Asphyxia: Towards a Non-Invasive Approach
Antioxidants (Basel), 10 (11)
DOI 10.3390/antiox10111753, PubMed 34829624
Evidence of impaired bone quality in men with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Endocr Connect, 10 (8), 955-964
DOI 10.1530/EC-21-0193, PubMed 34289447
When the patient is an athlete
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 141 (7)
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0074, PubMed 33950644
High nocturnal sleep fragmentation is associated with low T lymphocyte P2Y11 protein levels in narcolepsy type 1
Sleep, 44 (8)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsab062, PubMed 33710305
Publications 2020
Vitamin D metabolites influence expression of genes concerning cellular viability and function in insulin producing β-cells (INS1E)
Gene, 746, 144649
DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144649, PubMed 32251702
High prevalence of ADHD symptoms in unmedicated youths with post-H1N1 narcolepsy type 1
Sleep Med, 75, 171-180
DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.014, PubMed 32858357
Vitamin D status and complications, readmissions, and mortality after hip fracture
Osteoporos Int, 32 (5), 873-881
DOI 10.1007/s00198-020-05739-9, PubMed 33201249
HLA and sleep parameter associations in post-H1N1 narcolepsy type 1 patients and first-degree relatives
Sleep, 43 (3)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsz239, PubMed 31606740
Bone mineral density and vitamin D in paediatric intestinal failure patients receiving home parenteral nutrition
Clin Nutr ESPEN, 39, 234-241
DOI 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.006, PubMed 32859323
Effects of modified Atkins diet on thyroid function in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Epilepsy Behav, 111, 107285
DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107285, PubMed 32698106
Obesity and other medical comorbidities among NT1 patients after the Norwegian H1N1 influenza epidemic and vaccination campaign
Sleep, 43 (5)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsz277, PubMed 31724727
Prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and melanoma risk
Sci Rep, 10 (1), 20129
DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-77155-2, PubMed 33208828
Publications 2019
Maternal serum retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during pregnancy and peak bone mass and trabecular bone score in adult offspring at 26-year follow-up
PLoS One, 14 (9), e0222712
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0222712, PubMed 31557195
Vitamin D Increases Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion from Insulin Producing Beta Cells (INS1E)
Int J Endocrinol Metab, 17 (1), e74255
DOI 10.5812/ijem.74255, PubMed 30881469
The effect of an exercise program in pregnancy on vitamin D status among healthy, pregnant Norwegian women: a randomized controlled trial
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19 (1), 76
DOI 10.1186/s12884-019-2220-z, PubMed 30786861
Smoking and other determinants of bone turnover
PLoS One, 14 (11), e0225539
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0225539, PubMed 31765401
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover markers and other bone-related substances in subjects with vitamin D deficiency
Bone, 124, 7-13
DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.002, PubMed 30959189
Hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy patients have abnormal brain activation during humor processing
Sleep, 42 (7)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsz082, PubMed 30923809
New reference intervals for cortisol, cortisol binding globulin and free cortisol index in women using ethinyl estradiol
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 79 (5), 314-319
DOI 10.1080/00365513.2019.1622031, PubMed 31161807
Bone Turnover Markers After Standard and Distal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Obes Surg, 29 (9), 2886-2895
DOI 10.1007/s11695-019-03909-1, PubMed 31065919
Publications 2018
Assay of steroids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in monitoring 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Endocr Connect, 7 (12), 1542-1550
DOI 10.1530/EC-18-0453, PubMed 30530876
Alterations in the vitamin D endocrine system during pregnancy: A longitudinal study of 855 healthy Norwegian women
PLoS One, 13 (4), e0195041
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0195041, PubMed 29641551
Widespread white matter changes in post-H1N1 patients with narcolepsy type 1 and first-degree relatives
Sleep, 41 (10)
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsy145, PubMed 30016530
Vitamin D supplementation does not improve CVD risk factors in vitamin D-insufficient subjects
Endocr Connect, 7 (6), 840-849
DOI 10.1530/EC-18-0144, PubMed 29764903
Individuals Fulfilling Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes Rather Than LADA Display Transient Signs of Autoimmunity Preceding Diagnosis With Possible Clinical Implications: The HUNT Study
Diabetes Care, 41 (12), e161-e163
DOI 10.2337/dc18-1069, PubMed 30327361
The Short Cosyntropin Test Revisited: New Normal Reference Range Using LC-MS/MS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 103 (4), 1696-1703
DOI 10.1210/jc.2017-02602, PubMed 29452421
Publications 2017
Weight-for-length, early weight-gain velocity and atopic dermatitis in infancy and at two years of age: a cohort study
BMC Pediatr, 17 (1), 141
DOI 10.1186/s12887-017-0889-6, PubMed 28592289
Perioperative humoral stress response to laparoscopic versus open aortobifemoral bypass surgery
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 77 (2), 83-92
DOI 10.1080/00365513.2016.1268264, PubMed 28067075
Bile acid profiles over 5 years after gastric bypass and duodenal switch: results from a randomized clinical trial
Surg Obes Relat Dis, 13 (9), 1544-1553
DOI 10.1016/j.soard.2017.05.024, PubMed 28756050
Long-term improvement after combined immunomodulation in early post-H1N1 vaccination narcolepsy
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 4 (5), e389
DOI 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000389, PubMed 28840177
Establishment of a tear protein biomarker panel differentiating between Graves' disease with or without orbitopathy
PLoS One, 12 (4), e0175274
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0175274, PubMed 28419103
Publications 2016
Vitamin D levels and atopic eczema in infancy and early childhood in Norway: a cohort study
Br J Dermatol, 175 (1), 95-101
DOI 10.1111/bjd.14537, PubMed 26972308
Longitudinal plasma metabolic profiles, infant feeding, and islet autoimmunity in the MIDIA study
Pediatr Diabetes, 18 (2), 111-119
DOI 10.1111/pedi.12360, PubMed 26791677
Comparison of the acute-phase response after laparoscopic versus open aortobifemoral bypass surgery: a substudy of a randomized controlled trial
Vasc Health Risk Manag, 12, 371-378
DOI 10.2147/VHRM.S110600, PubMed 27713633
Insulin resistance - the body's defence against caloric intoxication?
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 136 (11), 1015-7
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0259, PubMed 27325036
[Not Available]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 136 (14-15), 1186
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0582, PubMed 27554546
Proteomic analysis of the INS-1E secretome identify novel vitamin D-regulated proteins
Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 32 (6), 514-21
DOI 10.1002/dmrr.2777, PubMed 26788927
Effects of vitamin D binding protein phenotypes and vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH)D and directly measured free 25(OH)D
Eur J Endocrinol, 174 (4), 445-52
DOI 10.1530/EJE-15-1089, PubMed 26733479
Soluble Leptin Receptor and Risk of Gestational Diabetes in a Multiethnic Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 101 (11), 4070-4075
DOI 10.1210/jc.2016-2583, PubMed 27537771
Comparative proteomic analysis of tear fluid in Graves' disease with and without orbitopathy
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 85 (5), 805-812
DOI 10.1111/cen.13122, PubMed 27256639
Publications 2015
Discovery of novel vitamin D-regulated proteins in INS-1 cells: a proteomic approach
Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 31 (5), 481-91
DOI 10.1002/dmrr.2629, PubMed 25449168
Analysis of Glycated Albumin by On-Line Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 38 (1), 20-28
DOI 10.1080/10826076.2013.864980
Vitamin D in Norwegian renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study with repeated measurements in winter and summer
Eur J Dermatol, 25 (3), 234-9
DOI 10.1684/ejd.2015.2524, PubMed 26412038
Presence of anti-GAD in a non-diabetic population of adults; time dynamics and clinical influence: results from the HUNT study
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 3 (1), e000076
DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000076, PubMed 26157582
Single unit filter-aided method for fast proteomic analysis of tear fluid
Anal Biochem, 480, 1-5
DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.002, PubMed 25862084
Publications 2014
[How to measure vitamin D status?]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 134 (7), 729-31
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0981, PubMed 24721864
Why doesn't everyone develop type 2 diabetes?
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 134 (23-24), 2284-7
DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0941, PubMed 25492339
Tmem27 is upregulated by vitamin D in INS-1 cells and its serum concentrations are low in patients with autoimmune diabetes
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 74 (4), 358-65
DOI 10.3109/00365513.2014.898322, PubMed 24693993
Publications 2013
Differences in insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammation between young adult Pakistani and Norwegian patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study
BMC Endocr Disord, 13, 49
DOI 10.1186/1472-6823-13-49, PubMed 24148878
Publications 2011
Gonadal function and parenthood 20 years after treatment for childhood lymphoma: a cross-sectional study
Pediatr Blood Cancer, 59 (2), 271-7
DOI 10.1002/pbc.23363, PubMed 22021108
Low serum vitamin D is associated with increased mortality in elderly men: MrOS Sweden
Osteoporos Int, 23 (3), 991-9
DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1809-5, PubMed 22008880
Publications 2010
Suggestive evidence of associations between liver X receptor β polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in three cohort studies: HUNT2 (Norway), MONICA (France) and HELENA (Europe)
BMC Med Genet, 11, 144
DOI 10.1186/1471-2350-11-144, PubMed 20939869
Publications 2009
Type 1 - diabetes
In Medisinsk informasjon: kunnskapsbasert helsefaglig oppdatering, MEDLEX Norsk helseinformasjon, Oslo, årg. 23(2009)nr. 1, 31 s.
BIBSYS 091932777, ISBN 978-82-7841-565-8
Comparison of genetic risk in three candidate genes (TCF7L2, PPARG, KCNJ11) with traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a population-based study--the HUNT study
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 69 (2), 282-7
DOI 10.1080/00365510802538188, PubMed 18972257
Insulin-stimulated increase in serum leptin levels precedes and correlates with weight gain during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94 (8), 2900-6
DOI 10.1210/jc.2008-1005, PubMed 19509109
Publications 2008
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism, cod liver oil and risk of type 1 diabetes
Pediatr Diabetes, 9 (1), 40-5
DOI 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00263.x, PubMed 18211635
Publications 2006
The relation between size at birth and risk of type 1 diabetes is not influenced by adjustment for the insulin gene (-23HphI) polymorphism or HLA-DQ genotype
Diabetologia, 49 (9), 2068-73
DOI 10.1007/s00125-006-0292-6, PubMed 16691379
Blood glucose lowering by means of lifestyle intervention has different effects on adipokines as compared with insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Diabetologia, 49 (5), 872-80
DOI 10.1007/s00125-006-0205-8, PubMed 16555056
Publications 2005
[Molecular diagnostics in diabetes mellitus]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 125 (21), 2968-72
PubMed 16276383
Insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats is associated with increased fat mass during adolescence in non-obese girls
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 65 (2), 163-8
DOI 10.1080/00365510510013622, PubMed 16025839
An intensified lifestyle intervention programme may be superior to insulin treatment in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents: results of a feasibility study
Diabet Med, 22 (3), 316-22
DOI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01421.x, PubMed 15717881
Publications 2004
[Acute myocardial infarction in a young man who had been using androgenic anabolic steroids]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 124 (2), 170-2
PubMed 14743229
Akutt hjerteinfarkt hos ung mann som brukte androgene anabole steroider
In Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, Foreningen, Oslo, 124(2004)nr. 2, S. 170-172
BIBSYS 040141470
Forebygging av type 2 diabetes
In Diabeteshåndboken, Gyldendal akademisk, Oslo, s. 51-54
BIBSYS 041953428
Publications 2003
Heterogeneity of non-insulin-dependent diabetes expressed as variability in insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and cardiovascular risk profile
Diabet Med, 20 (1), 37-45
DOI 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00838.x, PubMed 12519318
Heterogeneity of non-insulin-dependent diabetes expressedas variability in insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and cardiovascular risk profile
In Diabetic medicine, John Wiley, Chichester, 20(2003)1, s.37-45
BIBSYS 04170732x
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha gene mutations and diabetes in Norway
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88 (2), 920-31
DOI 10.1210/jc.2002-020945, PubMed 12574234
Non-glucose stimulated early insulin secretion is presenteven after long duration of type 2 diabetes
In Diabetologia, Springer, Berlin, 46(2003)suppl 2, s.A168 abstract 478
BIBSYS 041735986
Publications 2001
A single measurement of HBA1c or fasting blood glucose inthe early phase of type 2 diabetes predict long term glycaemic control
In Diabetologia, Springer, Berlin, 44(2001)suppl 1, s.A229 Abstrakt nr 880
BIBSYS 022035729
Publications 2000
Advanced glycation end products and coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes - Response to Poirier and Eckel
Diabetes Care, 23 (9), 1441-1442
Improved postprandial glycaemic control with insulin Aspart in type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin
Acta Diabetol, 37 (1), 41-6
DOI 10.1007/s005920070034, PubMed 10928235
[Hypoglycemic treatment of type 2 diabetes]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 120 (20), 2434-40
PubMed 11475233
Blodsukkersenkende behandling ved type 2-diabetes
In Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, Foreningen, Oslo, 120(2000)nr. 20, S. 2434-2440
BIBSYS 010831576
Publications 1999
Serum levels of advanced glycation end products are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
Diabetes Care, 22 (9), 1543-8
DOI 10.2337/diacare.22.9.1543, PubMed 10480523
Publications 1998
[Type 2-diabetes consists of several diseases]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 118 (7), 1025
PubMed 9531820
[Medical research at Norwegian universities. Recruitment crisis when it comes to basic fields]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 118 (26), 4123
PubMed 9844521
[Medical research at Norwegian universities]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 118 (15), 2339-43
PubMed 9691802
[Diabetes mellitus--a complex interaction between heredity and environment]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 118 (16), 2519-24
PubMed 9667132